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Q.

1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds such as A are usually mostly enolized. Why is this? Draw the enols available to compounds B-E and explain why B is 100% enol but C, D and E are 100% ketone.

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Detailed Solution

Compound A is mostly enol because only the enol is delocalized over five atoms. A minor reason for this particular compound is the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the enol.

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There is another equally good enol that has the other carbonyl group enolized. The two enols are tautomers of each other and of the keto-ester.

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That compound B is completely enolized shows that conjugation is much more important than hydrogen bonding, which is impossible with B. However, B has extra conjugation from the lone pairs on the extra oxygen atoms.

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The remaining compounds have problems with enolization. Compound C can form an enol on the side away from the other carbonyl group, but cannot form an enol between the two ketones as it would be a 'bridgehead alkene'. These do not generally exist as the four substituents around the alkene cannot become planar.

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Compound D seems to have a perfectly reasonable enol. But the very large tert-butyl group, which would be out of the plane in the diketone, would have to lie in the plane if the enol were formed. The four-membered ring in E is already strained enough with two sp2 atoms having 90° bond angles. The enol would have three such atoms and this is too much strain.

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