35-year-old Sushila has spent many years as a worker in the garment export industry of Delhi. She was employed as a 'permanent worker' entitled to health insurance, and provident fund, over time at a double rate, when Sushila's factory closed in the late 1990s. After searching for a job for six months, she finally got a job 30 km away from where she lives. Even after working in this factory for several years, she is a temporary worker and earns less than half of what she was earning earlier. Sushila leaves her house every morning, seven days a week at 7:30 a.m. and returns at 10 p.m. A day off from work means no wage. She has none of the benefits she used to get earlier. Factories closer to her home have widely fluctuating orders and therefore pay even less.

“She earns less than half of what she was earning earlier” means the workers are now denied their fair share of benefits brought about by ____.