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Q.

(A) : B–F bond length in BF3 is less than in BF4-.
(R) : Back bonding is present in BF3 but not in BF4-.

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a

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

b

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

c

(A) is true but (R) is false

d

Both (A) and (R) are false

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

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The B−F bond length in BF3 is shorter than the B−F bond length in BF4-. In BF3 bond length is 130pm, whereas in BF4- bond length is 143pm.

Explanation:

BF3 is an electron-deficient species. With a vacant p-orbital on boron, the fluorine and boron atoms undergo pπ−pπ back-bonding to remove this deficiency. Due to this a double-bond character developed to the B−F bond. This double-bond character decreases the bond length in BF3 (130pm). 

However, when BF3 coordinates with the fluoride ion, a change in hybridization took place from sp2 (in BF3) to sp3 (in BF4-) occurs. Boron now forms 4 sigma bonds, and the double-bond character is lost. It doesn't empty 2p - orbital, so there is no back bonding. This accounts for a B−F bond length of 143pm in BF4- ion.

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