A cell of EMF 4 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ω is connected to a 7.5 Ω external resistance. The terminal potential difference of the cell is

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A cell of EMF 4 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ω is connected to a 7.5 Ω external resistance. The terminal potential difference of the cell is

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3.75 V

4 V

0.375 V

4.25 V

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Ohm’s law applied to a total circuit can be written as $I = \frac{E}{R + r}$
where I is the current in the circuit, E is the EMF of the cell, R is the external resistance, r is the internal resistance of the cell. Terminal potential difference of the cell is given by V = E–ir.
Here, $E = 4 V, r = 0.5 Ω, R = 7.5 Ω$
So, $I = \frac{4}{7.5 + 0.5} = 0.5 A$ and terminal potential
differenceV = E - ir = 4 - 0.5 × 0.5 = 3.75 V.