(a) Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.

(b) Select and write analogous structures from the list given below.
(i) Wings of butterfly and birds
(ii) Vertebrate hearts
(iii) Tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
(iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato

(a) Homologous structures have similar morphology, embryology and anatomy, etc but are dissimilar in their functions. They all originate from a common ancestor. E.g., forelimbs of whales, bats, dogs, and humans have similar anatomical structures.

Analogous structures are those which perform the same function and have similar appearance and structure and they do not have a common ancestor. E.g., wings of birds and wings of insects.

(b) Wings of butterflies and birds and tubers of sweet potato and potatoes are analogous structures.

Tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita and vertebrate heart or brain are examples of homologous structures.