(a) Draw the structure of tRNA adapter molecule for AUG codon. Explain the uniqueness of this tRNA.

(b) Explain the process of charging of tRNA. Why is it essential in translation?

OR

(a) How is the translation of mRNA terminated?

(b) What are two functions of DNA polymerase?

(c) How is the first ribonucleotide different from others in the RNA chain?

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Detailed Solution

(a) AUG codon codes for amino acid methionine and also act as inititor.

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(b) In the first phase of translation itself amino acids are activated in the presence of ATP and linked to their cognate tRNA–a process commonly called as charging of tRNA or aminoacylation of tRNA to be more specific.

OR

(a) Translation ends when a stop codon UAA or UAG or UGA comes to the A site and it is recognized by release factors proteins which is found at P site of rRNA.

(b) DNA polymerase helps in replication of DNA and also helps in proof reading.

(c) The first ribonucleotide is triphosphate and others in the RNA chain are monophosphates.

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