(a) Expand VNTR and describe its role in DNA fingerprinting.
(b) List any two applications of DNA fingerprinting technique.

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Detailed Solution

(a) VNTR - Variable Number of Tandem Repeats. The VNTR belongs to a class of satellite DNA referred to as mini-satellite. A small DNA sequence is arranged tandemly in many copy numbers. The copy number varies from chromosome to chromosome in an individual. The numbers of repeat show very high degree of polymorphism. As a
result the size of VNTR varies in size from 0.1 to 20 kb. VNTRs complementary to specific DNA sequences in the repetitive DNA of human genome. They are radioactively labelled so that when exposed to X-rays (autoradiography), the hybridised sequences appear as bands. These bands give a characteristic pattern for an individual DNA. Thus, VNTRs are vital for the technique of DNA fingerprinting.

(b) Two applications of the DNA fingerprinting technique are-
i. identifying criminals
ii. identifying genetic relations between parents and offspring.

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