(a) Explain one application of each one of the following.

• (A) Amniocentesis
• (B) Lactational amenorrhea
• (C) ZIFT

(b) Prepare a poster for the school programme depicting the objectives of : “Reproductive and Child Health Care Programme”.

OR

(a)Explain any two ways by which apomictic seed can develop.

(b) List one advantage and one disadvantage of a apomictic crop. 

(c) Why do farmers find production of hybrid seeds costly ?

(a)
A. Amniocentesis: The amniotic fluid of the pregnant women can be used for diagnosis of genetic diseases of foetus
B. Lactational amenorrhea: It is the period of 6 months after parturition. At this time the chances of conception is negligible.
C. ZIFT( Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer) is a process of in vitro fertilization where the zygote with 8 blastomeres are transferred into the fallopian tube.

b. 

OR

(a) In apomixis,
• Some plants develop into embryo without reductional division. The diploid egg directly develops into embryo without fertilization.
• An embryo is developed after nucellus and integuments are extended in embryo sac. Thus condition is polyspermy, where more than one embryo is formed.

(b) Advantage:
Apomictic cells are cheap and gives high yield.
Disadvantage:
It reduces the genetic variation.

(c) Combinations of various breeds by cross-fertilization gives rise to hybridized seeds. Since lot of research is involved in this field, so hybridized seeds are costly for farmers.