(a) ‘‘India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.’’ Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons in support of your answer.
(b) Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species biodiversity that exists at all the levels of biological organisation.

OR

Explain the effect on the characteristics of a river when urban sewage is discharged into it.

(a) Ecological diversity includes various biological zones, like lakes, deserts, coasts, estuaries, wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs, etc. India at the ecosystem level has a greater diversity than Norway as it has deserts, rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alpine meadows. India is one of the 12 megadiversity countries of the world.

(b) Genetic biodiversity refers to the number of genes found in organisms. Species biodiversity refers to the number of species per unit area.

OR

Sewage discharge in rivers results in
(a) Increase in BOD
(b) Increase fish mortality,
(c) Rise of algae bloom,
(d) Change in colour and odour of water and
(e) Increase in toxicity.