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A manufacturer wishes to design a thermometer so that the mercury must travel a greater distance up the stem for each degree change in temperature. The manufacturer can achieve this goal by:
a) decreasing the volume of liquid contained in the thermometer
b) decreasing cross-sectional area of thermometer stem
c) using liquid with a large coefficient of volume expansion
d) reducing size of bell

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only c is true

Both a and b are true

only a is true

Both b and c are true.

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Increase in volume of liquid, $∆ V = Vα ∆ θ$

This additional volume rises into the stem.

$∆ V = A ∆ h$ , where $∆ h$ is the height of liquid raised inside the stem.

$Vα ∆ θ = A ∆ h \Rightarrow ∆ h = \frac{Vα ∆ θ}{A} \propto \frac{α}{A}$

So either increasing $α$ or decreasing area of stem, or both, will serve the purpose.

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