(a) State Raoult’s law. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes?

(b) State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications. 

(a) Raoult’s Law,

For a solution of volatile liquids,

The partial vapour pressure of each component in the solution α mole fraction.

P_solution = X_solvent . P⁰_solvent

Where,

P_solution = Vapour pressure of the solution.

X _solvent = Mole fraction of the solvent.

P⁰_solvent = Vapour pressure of the pure solvent

(b) Henry’s law:

The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase  α  mole fraction of the gas in the solution.

Important applications of Henry’s law:

1. To increase the solubility of CO₂ in soft drinks.
2. Oxygen is diluted with helium gas to avoid bends in scuba drivers.