A student determined the solubility of four substances, potassium nitrate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride in water at five different temperatures of $10 ° C, 20 ° C, 40 ° C, 60 ° C, and 80 ° C$ , and obtained the following data :
Substance Solubility at
10°c 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°C
1) Potassium nitrate 21g 32g 62g 106g 167g
2) Sodium chloride 36g 36g 36g 37g 37g
3) Potassium chloride 35g 35g 40g 46g 54g
4) Ammonium chloride 24g 37g 41g 55g 66g
What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to make a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 10°C ?

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42 g

84 g

21 g

10.5 g

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Solubility: amount of can be dissolved in 100 ml of H₂O at given temperature solubility at ${10°C KNO}_{3} \to 21 g$ can dissolve in 100 ml , H₂O, $50ml \to \frac{21}{2} = 10 .5 g .$

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	Substance	Solubility at 10°c 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°C
1)	Potassium nitrate	21g	32g	62g	106g	167g
2)	Sodium chloride	36g	36g	36g	37g	37g
3)	Potassium chloride	35g	35g	40g	46g	54g
4)	Ammonium chloride	24g	37g	41g	55g	66g