A trivalent impurity has how many valence electrons.

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answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Concept: In a pure semiconductor, each atom is surrounded by four atoms and is engaged in chemical bonds with all of them.
A pure semiconductor has four valence electrons, which explains this. Three valence electrons make up a trivalent impurity.
One atom of it makes bonds with three atoms of the semiconductor when it is introduced. Bonds between just three atoms are present.
Between the fourth pure semiconductor atom and the impurity atom, there is an empty space.
A hole is a similar empty region that is open to conduction.
Hence, the correct option is 4.

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