(a) Write the contributions of the following scientists in deciphering the genetic code. George Gamow ; Har Gobind Khorana ; Marshall Nirenberg ; Severo Ochoa
(b) State the importance of a genetic code in protein biosynthesis.

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Detailed Solution

George Gamow: He proposed that genetic code is made up of three nucleotides in order to code for 20 amino acids.

Hargovind Khorana: Devised a chemical method which was instrumental in synthesis of RNA molecules with combinations of base pairs.

Marshal Nirenberg: Genetic code was deciphered by the cell- free system of protein synthesis designed by Marshal Nirenberg

Severo Ochoa - Severo Ochoa enzymes (polynucleotide phosphorylase) was useful in polymerizing RNA with specific sequences in a template-independent manner. (enzymatic synthesis of RNA)

b. Genetic code is universal. Genetic code is degenerative. It is triplet in nature. Genetic code is universal. Eg AUG codes for methionine

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