According to Cahn - Ingold - prelog sequence rules, the correct order of priority for the given group is

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$- OH > - CHO > - COOH > - {CH}_{2} OH$

$- COOH > - {CH}_{2} OH > - OH > CHO$

$- OH > - COOH > - CHO > - {CH}_{2} OH$

$- COOH > - CHO > - {CH}_{2} OH > - OH$

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rules, the priority of groups is decided by the atomic number of their atoms. When the atom-(which is directly attached to the asymmetric carbon atom) of a group has higher atomic number, then the group gets higher priority. Groups with atoms of comparable atomic number having double or triple bond, have high priority than those have single bond.
Hence, the order of priority of groups is
−OH > −COOH > −CHO > −CH₂OH

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