David Tilman with his plot experiments showed that the areas with rich species biodiversity did not show much variation in year to year productivity and is also resilient to occasional disturbances (natural or man-made), or invasions by alien species.

Key species drive the major functions of the ecosystem is stated by Paul Ehrlich in Rivet Popper Hypothesis.

Species richness increases with increasing explored area, but only up to a limit. Species Area relationship is established by Alexander Von Humboldt.

Two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely is competitive exclusion principle stated by Gauss.