According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is

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saltations

phenotypic variations

inheritance of acquired characters

small directional variations

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

According to Hugo de Vries, evolution occurs through sudden, large-scale changes (leaps or saltations) in the genetic material of an organism, rather than gradual changes over time. The term ‘saltation’ is derived from the Latin word saltatio, which means ‘to leap’.
(1) According to Hugo de Vries, evolution occurs by saltations but not through a series of small stepwise mutations.
(3) Phenotypic variations arise through genetic mutations. Any change in phenotype without a change in genotype will not result in evolution.
(4) Hugo de Vries believed that evolution occurs due to large mutations but not minor variations.

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