According to the Dharma-Shastra’s varna system, society is divided into how many varnas?

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Detailed Solution

According to Dharma-Shastra's varna system, society is divided into four varnas.
Society is divided into four varnas according to the Dharma-shastras varna system (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishya, and Shudras). Savarna is a community that belongs to one of the four varnas, or classes. Avarna refers to those who have no ties with any varna. As a result, those from the lowest Varna, like the Shudras, suffered because of their place of birth and line of work. Since it was dependent on birth, changing varnas was quite rigorous. Later, lesser castes called jatis within varnas began to form. On the other hand, many tribes and social groups were integrated into caste-based society and given the title of "jatis." The Brahmanas also believed in separate jatis for specialised craftspeople like smiths, carpenters, and masons. Jatis, not Varna, became the foundation for organising society. New Rajput clans grew to be powerful among the Kshatriyas. This caste system included several tribes, but the governing class was only open to the most powerful tribal families. A large percentage joined the lower caste jatis. The North-West Frontier and Sind's ruling tribes had a large Muslim population. They continued to resist the caste system. Within varnas, smaller groups, called jatis, started to form. Numerous tribes and social classes were assimilated into caste-based society and labelled "jatis." The brahmans also designated specific craftspeople, such as smiths, carpenters, and masons, as different jatis. Jatis replaced Varna as the primary social structure.

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