Although seeds, in general are the products of fertilisation, a few flowering plants have evolved a special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilisation. This is called

Although seeds, in general are the products of fertilisation, a few flowering plants such as some species of Asteraceae and grasses, have evolved a special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilisation, called apomixis. Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction.

Amphimixis is sexual reproduction.

Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm.

Parthenocarpy is production of fruit without fertilization.