Q.

Among the following phenols, the most acidic is

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a

p-nitrophenol 

b

ο-chlorophenol

c

 p-aminophenol 

d

m-nitrophenol

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Deprotonation of p-nitrophenol gives p−nitrophenoxide ion. The negative charge on O atom is stabilised as strongly electron withdrawing nitro group is present in para position.

This effect is some what less in m−nitrophenol as  strongly electron withdrawing nitro group is present in meta position.

In case of p−aminophenol, deprotonation gives p−aminophenoxide ion. 

The negative charge on O atom is destabilised as electron releasing amino group is present in para position.

p−nitrophenol is most acidic.

Electron-withdrawal group at para position makes phenol more acidic.

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