An electric dipole is placed in a non-uniform electric field. Then the electric force on the dipole depends upon

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orientation of the dipole moment of the dipole.

orientation of the dipole and the rate at which the field is changing in space.

dipole moment of the dipole and the rate at which the field is changing in space.

orientation of dipole, dipole moment and the rate at which the field is changing in space.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

$If \vec{p_{x}}, \vec{p_{y}} and \vec{p_{z}}$ are the components of dipole moment and $\vec{E_{x}}, \vec{E_{y}} and \vec{E_{z}}$ are the components of electric field , then

$\vec{F_{net}} = \vec{\nabla} (\vec{p} . \vec{E}) = p_{x} \frac{\partial E_{x}}{\partial x} \hat{i} + p_{y} \frac{\partial E_{y}}{\partial y} \hat{j} + p_{z} \frac{\partial E_{z}}{\partial z} \hat{k}$