An open organ pipe of length L vibrates in its fundamental mode. The pressure variation is maximum :

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At the two ends

At the middle of the pipe

At distances

inside the ends

At distances

inside the ends

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Concept: The fundamental mode of vibration is defined as the lowest frequency at which a standing wave in the pipe forms.
When the fundamental mode of vibration is selected for an open organ pipe, pressure nodes appear at the open ends because the air molecules at these ends are free to oscillate. It causes the production of pressure antinodes in the middle of the pipe, between these two nodes, where the pressure variation is greatest. The graphic depicts the creation of a pressure wave in an open pipe vibrating in fundamental mode.
The graphic shows that pressure variation is least at the ends of the open pipe, implying that a pressure node is produced at the ends of the open pipe, but pressure variation is greatest in the center of the pipe, implying that a pressure antinode is generated in the middle of the open pipe.
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