$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A}\stackrel{\mathrm{\Delta }}{⟶}\text{ (oxide) }+{\mathrm{CO}}_2\\ \mathrm{B}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}⟶\mathrm{C}\\ \mathrm{C}+{\mathrm{CO}}_2⟶\mathrm{A}\text{ (milky) }\\ \mathrm{C}+{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\stackrel{∆}{\to }\mathrm{D}\\ \mathrm{D}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}+{\mathrm{CO}}_2⟶\mathrm{E}\\ \mathrm{E}+{\mathrm{NaCl}}_2⟶\mathrm{F}\\ \mathrm{F}\stackrel{∆}{\to }{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3+{\mathrm{CO}}_2+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\end{array}$

D, E and F are:

Metal oxide and carbon dioxide are formed during the melting of the metal carbonates.

$\underset{\left(\mathrm{A}\right)}{{\mathrm{CaCO}}_3}\stackrel{\mathrm{\Delta }}{⟶}\underset{\left(\mathrm{B}\right)}{\mathrm{CaO}}+\underset{ }{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$

Calcium hydroxide is created by mixing calcium oxide with water (lime water)

$\mathrm{CaO}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\to \underset{\left(\mathrm{C}\right)}{\mathrm{Ca}}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$

Lime water turns milky when carbon dioxide is added because it forms insoluble calcium carbonate.

$\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2+{\mathrm{CO}}_2⟶\underset{\left(\mathrm{milky}\right)}{{\mathrm{CaCO}}_3}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Ammonia is produced via the reaction of calcium hydroxide with ammonium chloride.

$\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2+2{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}⟶\underset{\left(\mathrm{D}\right)}{2{\mathrm{NH}}_3}+{\mathrm{CaCl}}_2+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Water and carbon dioxide combine with ammonia to produce ammonium bicarbonate.

${\mathrm{NH}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}+{\mathrm{CO}}_2⟶\underset{\left(\mathrm{E}\right)}{{\mathrm{NH}}_4{\mathrm{HCO}}_3}$

Sodium bicarbonate is produced when NH₄ HCO₃ and sodium chloride combine.

${\mathrm{NH}}_4{\mathrm{HCO}}_3+\mathrm{NaCl}⟶\underset{\left(\mathrm{F}\right)}{{\mathrm{NaHCO}}_3}+{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$

When sodium bicarbonate is heated, sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water are produced.

${\mathrm{NaHCO}}_3\stackrel{\mathrm{\Delta }}{⟶}{\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3+{\mathrm{CO}}_2+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$