Assertion (A): By the 1750s, with the arrival of European companies, the Indians started losing their control over the trade.

Reason (R): There was a decline of the old ports like Surat and Hooghly and the emergence of new ports like Bombay and Calcutta.

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Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true, but R is false

A is false, but R is true

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

During the 1750s, with the arrival of European companies, the Indians started losing control over the trade because the Europeans brought cheap manufactured goods. On the other hand, the emergence of new ports like Bombay and Calcutta indicated the growth of colonial powers, which happened in the 1780s after the Dutch, French, and Portuguese left.
After the establishment of Bombay and Calcutta, the East India Company developed a management and control system. This system eliminated competitors and established a monopoly over the right to trade. As a result, it led to the decline of the old ports of Surat and Hooghly.
Hence, both the Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

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