Assertion (A): In spite of collectivization, production did not increase immediately.

Reason (R): In fact, the bad harvest of 1930-1933 led to one of the most devastating famines in Soviet history when over 4 million died.

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Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true but (R) is false.

(A) is false but (R) is true.

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The Gathering Program began in 1929. The group forced all farmers to work on collective farms (Kolkhoz). Joint farm ownership acquired a lot of tools and land. Kolkhoz's profits are shared, and farmers work on the land. Livestock was destroyed, and authorities opposed the angry farmers. Cattle declined by one-third between 1929 and 1931. People were severely punished and sent into exile, although farmers argued that they did not oppose socialism and that they were rich; they were just against collective farms for various reasons. Although independent farming was allowed by Stalin, these farmers were treated mercilessly. Despite the collection, production did not grow rapidly.
Four million people died of the worst famine in Soviet history due to the terrible harvest of 1930–33. In addition, the effects of concentration and confusion on industrial production under a planned economy were criticized by many within the group. In 1939, more than two million people were imprisoned in Stalin's camps and prisons by his sympathizers as they faced criticism. Critics were accused of plotting against socialism.

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