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Assertion (A): In the direct nitration of aniline a significant amount of m-nitroaniline is formed.
Reason (R): In Anilinium ion ${NH}_{3}$ group shows only negative inductive effects but not positive mesomeric effects.

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(A) is true but (R) is false

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are false

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium and in strong acidic medium aniline gets protonated to anilinium ion.

Due to the positive charge on $- {NH}_{3}$ group, it shows the -I effect and $- M$ effect.

As a result it is meta directing in nature and m-nitroaniline is formed in large quantities.

Thus, both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

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