Assertion (A): Serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the Habsburg dominions and in Russia in the 19th century.

Reason (R): Monarchs were beginning to realise that the cycles of revolution and repression could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries.

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Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true but (R) is false.

(A) is false and (R) is true

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Serfdom and bonded labour were abolished in the Habsburg dominions in Russia. The autocratic monarchies took inspiration from the changes that had taken place in the west and worked to abolish serfdom and bonded labour in the Habsburg Empire and Russia in 1848.
The ruling class was able to put down the revolution of the liberal nationalists in 1848. But it took money and resources. They were tired of suppressing revolts and uprisings. They realised that these cycles of revolution and repression could only be ended by giving in to the demands and granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries.
Thus, both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

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