Assertion (A): There was an intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood, and idolatry.

Reason (R): The Deoband Seminary founded in 1867, published thousands upon thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in everyday lives and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.

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Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true but (R) is false.

(A) is false but (R) is true.

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
During the early part of the 19th Century, the new idea and the reformists movement slowly started to come into Indian society. As more and more people in India started to read the texts, liberal ideas now could be spread throughout the whole country very easily. The social and religious reformists who were educated in the new ideas stood opposed to the various Hindu orthodoxies namely sati, widow remarriage, and many more. The social reformers started to spread their ideas through a variety of books and newspapers of their own. Like Raja Rammohan Roy started to print his newspaper ‘Sambad Kaumudi’. The Hindu orthodoxy also published ‘Samachar Chandrika’ to oppose the idea of the reformists. In the north Indian states, the Muslims being fearful that the British might change their laws started publishing fatwas. This was started by the Deoband Seminary. The fatwas told the Muslims how to lead their daily livelihoods. So both the assertion and reasons are true but stand for two different things.

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