Assertion(A): European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.

Reason(R): It could make state power more effective and strong.

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Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true but (R) is false

(A) is false but (R) is true.

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Following Napoleon's defeat in 1815, European governments were pushed by a conservative attitude. Conservatives thought that established, traditional institutions of state and society, such as the monarchy, should be preserved. The monarchy, the church, social hierarchies, property, and the family are all examples of institutions that should be protected. However, most conservatives did not suggest a return to the pre-revolutionary society. Instead, they realised that Modernist methods brought by Napoleon's changes could strengthen established institutions such as the monarchy. It could increase the effectiveness and strength of state power with a modernised army and weaponry, a learned bureaucracy, and a thriving economy with the eradication of feudalism. Hence, Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

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