Based on the following information, answer the questions given below:
Wastewater including sewage can be treated in an integrated manner, by utilising a mix of artificial and natural processes. An example of such an initiative is the town of Arcata, situated along the northern coast of California. Collaborating with biologists from the Humboldt State University, the townspeople created an integrated wastewater treatment process within a natural system. The cleaning occurs in two stages – (a) the conventional sedimentation, filtering and chlorine treatments are given. After this stage, lots of dangerous pollutants like dissolved heavy metals remain. To combat this, an innovative approach was taken and (b) the biologists developed a series of six connected marshes over 60 hectares of marshland. Appropriate plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria were seeded into this area, which neutralise, absorb and assimilate the pollutants. Hence, as the water flows through the marshes, it gets purified naturally. The marshes also constitute a sanctuary, with a high level of biodiversity in the form of fishes, animals and birds that now reside there.
Question:
Appropriate plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria were seeded in the marshes to neutralise, absorb and assimilate the pollutants. This process is termed

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biopiracy

bioprospecting

bioremediation

biofortification

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Bioremediation is the process of removing or utilising the pollutants from a particularly polluted area (like soil, municipal water tanks or sewage water, oil spills in water, or land) with the help of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and also plants.
Exploring the molecular, species and genetic level diversity for the process of discovering and the commercialization of new products that are of economic importance is known as bioprospecting.
Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper.
Biofortification is the process of breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats to improve public health.

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