Based on the following information, answer the questions given below:
Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. Later, In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared Humulin by r DNA technology. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone. The pro-hormone also needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone.
Question:
Which of the following is the most preferable method for the administration of insulin?

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Oral route

Rectal route

Subcutaneous injection route

Sublingual route

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

For the subcutaneous route, a needle is inserted into fatty tissue just beneath the skin. After insulin is injected, it then moves into small blood vessels (capillaries) and is carried away by the bloodstream. Insulin cannot be consumed orally as it is a peptide hormone that cane be digested by the proteases of gut.

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