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Q.

Bath soap is a mixture of :

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a

Potassium salts of higher fatty acids

b

Sodium and calcium salts of higher fatty acids

c

Potassium palmitate and sodium stearate

d

Sodium salts of higher fatty acids

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Soap is a potassium or sodium salt of fatty acid( oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid). Na salt is present in washing soaps and potassium salt is present in bathing soaps.
Acid provides glycerol and ester compounds which are present in animal fat(mutton tallow) and vegetable oil(fat).
Preparation of Soap: Animal fat or Vegetable oil (groundnut oil, caster oil etc.) if heated with sodium hydroxide(NaOH), sodium salt of fatty acid and glycerol are formed.
The above process of preparing soap is called saponification.

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