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Q.

Blood glucose level is enhanced by

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a

Insulin and adrenalin

b

Glucagon and calcitonin

c

Epinephrine and glucagon

d

Parathormone and cortisol

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Both epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and glucagon play roles in increasing blood glucose levels.

  • Epinephrine (Adrenaline): This hormone is released by the adrenal glands, particularly in response to stress or the "fight or flight" response. Epinephrine acts on various tissues, including the liver and muscles, to rapidly increase blood glucose levels. It does so by promoting the breakdown of glycogen (stored glucose) in the liver and muscles, releasing glucose into the bloodstream for energy. This helps provide the body with a quick source of fuel during times of stress or intense physical activity.
  • Glucagon: Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Its main role is to raise blood glucose levels when they are low, such as between meals or during periods of fasting. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis. Additionally, it promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and fats. Both of these processes help to increase the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.
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