Bombay and Calcutta replaced and .

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Bombay and Calcutta replaced Surat and Hooghly.
Silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international market in textiles before the introduction of machines. Cotton from India was exported in large quantities to other countries. Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf and Red sea ports and Masulipatnam on the Coromandel Coast. In Bengal, Hooghly had trade links with Southeast Asian ports. Indian merchants controlled this network but it came to decline. The Europeans gained power and gained a monopoly over the right to trade. This led to the decline of the trade from the ports of Surat and Hooghly and as a result, trade from Bombay and Calcutta grew.

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