Carbon reduction cannot be employed for the extraction of Al from ${Al}_{2} O_{3}$ because

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the Ellingham diagram says ${Al}_{2} O_{3}$ is impossible to be reduced by the carbon reduction process.

$Al$ forms its carbide $({Al}_{4} C_{3})$ and a lot of it gets wasted.

$Al$ obtained in the vapour state is very difficult to handle.

the temperature requirement is very high $(\approx 2000^{0} C)$ .

answer is A, C, D.

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Detailed Solution

Very high temperatures around 2100^o C are required for the carbothermic reduction.

Aluminium Oxide is a very stable oxide and lies below the oxidation line of carbon in Ellingham Diagram hence Al₂O₃ cannot be reduced by carbon as it is energetically not favorable given the temperature requirement.

$∆ G_{f}^{°}$ of Al₂O₃ is lying below that of Carbon dioxide in Ellingham Diagram.

If high temperature is applied, Al will react with carbon to form carbide.

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