Choose the correct answer:

Which of the following is the structural & functional unit of the kidneys?

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. 

Its primary function is to filter the nitrogenous wastes from the blood and form urine. 

The nephron consists of:

i. Bowman's Capsule: 

This is a cup-like part of the nephron. 

The Bowman's capsule is where ultrafiltration takes place.

ii. Glomerulus: 

These are small tufts of capillaries through which high-pressure blood flows. 

It is supplied with blood via afferent arterioles.

iii. Proximal convoluted tubule: 

This is the section of the nephron that filters salt, water and organic solutes such as glucose and amino acids.

iv. Distal convoluted tubule: 

This tubular structure helps in reabsorption of certain substances. 

Its purpose is to absorb calcium ions.

v. Collecting tubule: 

This is the final segment of nephron before entering the collecting duct. 

Water reabsorption occurs in this part.