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What is the process of taking food, drink, or another material into the body called?

The act of taking food by mouth into the alimentary canal is known as ingestion. An organism consumes a material through ingestion. 

When it comes to animals, it typically involves ingesting something through the mouth and into the gastrointestinal tract, like when eating or drinking.

Intake occurs when a chemical is absorbed through the cell membrane in single-celled organisms.