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Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true but (R) is false

Both (A) and (R) are false

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The addition of the methyl group gives the benzene ring unique features that set it apart from regular benzene.
A group that donates electrons is the methyl group. The additional electron density introduced into the ring by the substituent is concentrated on atoms 2, 4, and 6 rather than being distributed evenly throughout the entire ring (the ortho and para positions).
Basically, by contributing electrons into the ring system and stabilising the cationic intermediate created during the substitution, the methyl in toluene stabilises the reaction by making it more favourable through resonance or inductive effects.
Electrophilic substitution reaction is encouraged by the fact that the ortho and para locations are the most receptive to an electron-poor electrophile.

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