Choose the reasons for establishment of proton gradient across thylakoid membrane between stroma and lumen of thylakoids of chloroplast.
A. Movement of protons from stroma to lumen through pump
B. Photolysis of water in the lumen of thylakoid
C. Usage of protons of stroma for the formation of NADPH+ H⁺
D. Movement of protons from lumen to stroma

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A, B and C

D only

A only

B and C only

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

The reasons for establishment of proton gradient across thylakoid membrane between stroma and lumen of thylakoids of chloroplast are

1. Movement of protons from stroma to lumen through pump

2. Photolysis of water in the lumen of thylakoid

3. Usage of protons of stroma for the formation of NADPH+ H⁺

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