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Q.

Consider a thin square plate floating on a viscous liquid in large tank. The height h of the liquid in the tank is much less than the width of the tank. The floating plate is pulled horizontally with a constant velocity υ0. Which of the following statements is (are) true?

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a

The resistive force of liquid on the plate is inversely proportional to h

b

The resistive force of liquid on the plate is independent of the area of the plate.

c

The tangential (shear) stress on the floor of the tank increases with υ0.

d

The tangential (shear) stress on the plate varies linearly with the viscosity η of the liquid.

answer is A, C, D.

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Detailed Solution

In a viscous liquid, there is no relative motion between the solid surface and the liquid layer in contact with it i.e., the liquid layer moves with the speed of the solid surface. Thus, the liquid layer in contact with the plate moves with a speed u0 and the liquid layer in contact with the floor of the tank is stationary. The velocity gradient is given by 
  dυ/dz(u00)/h=u0/h,
Where we have used the fact that h is very small in comparision to the tank width. Consider a liquid layer which is in contact with the plate. The viscous drag force (backward) on this layer, due to the layer just below it, is
  Fon  top  layer=ηA(dυ/dz)=ηA(u0/h).
Question Image  
 The top layer moves with a constant speed u0. Thus, the plate should apply an equal but opposite force (forward) on the top layer to balance viscous drag on it. In turn, by Newton’s third law, the top layer should apply equal but opposite force (backward) force on the plate. Thus, the resistive force of liquid on the plate is 
  Fon  top  layer=Fon  top  layer=ηA(u0/h).
The tangential (shear) stress on the plate is given by 
σon  plate=Fon  plate/A=η(u0/h).  
Apply similar argument on liquid layer in contact with the floor of the tank. The resistive force of liquid on the floor of the tank is Fom  floor=ηA(u0/h) and the tangential (shear) stress on the floor of the tank is  σon  floor=Fon  floor/A=η(u0/h).

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