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Q.

Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed conc. $H_{2} {SO}_{4}$ and ${HNO}_{3}$ . If a large amount of ${KHSO}_{4}$ is added to the mixture, the rate of nitration will be

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Detailed Solution

Nitration of benzene using conc. $H_{2} {SO}_{4}$ and HNO₃, the electrophile formed from this mixture is ${NO}_{2}^{+}$ (nitronium ion)When large amount of ${KHSO}_{4}$ is added, the rate of nitration will be slower, because it increases ${HSO}_{4}^{-}$ ion in solution due to common ion effect it decreases the concentration of ${NO}_{2}^{+}$ .

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