Construct the circuit symbol of Zener diode

A Zener diode is a special type of semiconductor diode that allows current to flow in the forward direction like a normal diode but also permits current to flow in the reverse direction when the applied voltage reaches a specific value known as the Zener breakdown voltage. Because of this unique property, Zener diodes are widely used for voltage regulation, surge protection, and reference voltage applications.

The circuit symbol of a Zener diode is similar to that of a conventional diode, but with a slight modification. It consists of an anode and a cathode, represented by a triangle pointing toward a line. However, unlike the straight line of a normal diode, the line at the cathode side of a Zener diode has bent edges, resembling the letter “Z”. This bent shape is what distinguishes the Zener diode symbol from the standard diode symbol.

In circuits, the anode is connected to the negative side of the supply, and the cathode to the positive side when used in reverse bias for voltage regulation. When the reverse voltage exceeds the Zener breakdown voltage, the diode conducts, keeping the voltage across it stable.

Thus, the Zener diode symbol plays an important role in circuit diagrams to identify its specialized function.