Copper is the most noble of first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries. Ores of copper include chalcanthite $\left({\mathrm{CuSO}}_4\cdot 5{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\right)$ atacanite $\left[{\mathrm{Cu}}_2\mathrm{Cl}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_3\right]$ cuprite $\left({\mathrm{Cu}}_2\mathrm{O}\right)$ copper glance $\left({\mathrm{Cu}}_2\mathrm{S}\right),$ and malachite $\left[{\mathrm{Cu}}_2(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3\right]$. However, $80\%$ of the world copper production comes from the ore chalcopyrite $\left({\mathrm{CuFeS}}_2\right).$ The extraction of copper from chalcopyrite involves partial roasing, removal of iron and self-reduction.