Copper is the most noble of first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries. Ores of copper include chalcanthite $({CuSO}_{4} \cdot 5 H_{2} O)$ atacanite $[{Cu}_{2} Cl (OH)_{3}]$ cuprite $({Cu}_{2} O)$ copper glance $({Cu}_{2} S),$ and malachite $[{Cu}_{2} (OH)_{2} {CO}_{3}]$ . However, $80 %$ of the world copper production comes from the ore chalcopyrite $({CuFeS}_{2}) .$ The extraction of copper from chalcopyrite involves partial roasing, removal of iron and self-reduction.

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Cu2S and FeO

Cu2O and FeO

Cu2O and Fe2O3

CuS and Fe2O3

FeO

FeS

Fe2O3

FeSiO3

O2−

S2−

SO2

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Detailed Solution

During partial roasting, ${CuFeS}_{2}$ is first converted to ${Cu}_{2} S$ and $F e S .$ Further, as iron is more reactive than copper, $F e S .$ is preferentially oxidised to $F e O .$ This partial roasting of chalcopyrite produces ${Cu}_{2} S$ and $F e O .$

$\begin{array}{l} {CuFeS}_{2} + O_{2} \overset{Δ}{⟶} {Cu}_{2} S + 2 FeS + {SO}_{2} \\ 2 FeS + O_{2} \overset{Δ}{⟶} {Cu}_{2} S + 2 FeS + {SO}_{2} \end{array}$