Crop production requires the farmers to make heavy investments in the form of :

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Raw materials

Fertilizers

Irrigation systems

All of the above

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Crop production requires the farmers to make heavy investments in the form of raw materials, fertilisers, irrigation systems, and other inputs, and thus involves high costs. To meet their input requirements for production, farmers borrow loans from both formal and informal sectors, utilising their savings. They raise loans from banks or farmer cooperatives at the beginning of the crop season, before initiating the production process, and later repay these loans after the harvest season, when they sell their crops in the markets. This gives them three to four months to make arrangements for the surplus used in repayment.

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