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Q.

Define formula of a compound?

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Detailed Solution

The formula of a compound shows the elements present in the compound and the ratio of their atoms.

A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a molecule using chemical symbols and numbers. It tells how many atoms of each element combine to form the compound.

Examples

CompoundChemical FormulaExplanation
WaterH₂O2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen
Carbon dioxideCO₂1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen
AmmoniaNH₃1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen
Sodium chlorideNaCl1 atom of sodium and 1 atom of chlorine

Types of Formulas

  • Empirical formula: Simplest ratio of atoms (e.g., CH₂O).
  • Molecular formula: Actual number of atoms (e.g., C₆H₁₂O₆).
  • Structural formula: Shows how atoms are connected.

Importance

The formula helps chemists identify compounds, calculate molecular masses, and predict reactions.

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Define formula of a compound?