Define irrigation and list two sources.

Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals through artificial means such as canals, wells, or tanks. It is essential in agriculture because it provides water to plants when rainfall is insufficient, irregular, or seasonal. Irrigation ensures proper growth of crops, increases food production, and maintains soil fertility. 

1. Surface Water Sources

These include water bodies present on the Earth’s surface such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and canals. Farmers divert this water using canals, dams, or reservoirs to irrigate agricultural fields. 

2. Groundwater Sources

Water stored below the Earth’s surface is used through wells, tube wells, and hand pumps. Groundwater is one of the most common sources of irrigation in agriculture, especially in areas with less rainfall.

Irrigation is the artificial supply of water to crops. The two main sources of irrigation are surface water (rivers, lakes, canals) and groundwater (wells, tube wells, hand pumps). Both play a vital role in modern agriculture and food security.