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Q.

Define isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.

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Detailed Solution

Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentration, hypertonic have higher, and hypotonic have lower solute concentration compared to another solution or cell fluid.

Type	Definition	Effect on Cell	Example
Isotonic	Equal concentration on both sides of membrane	No net water movement	0.9% saline to blood cells
Hypertonic	Higher solute concentration outside the cell	Cell shrinks (water moves out)	Sea water to freshwater fish
Hypotonic	Lower solute concentration outside	Cell swells or bursts (water enters)	Pure water to blood cells

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