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Define longitudinal wave

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Detailed Solution

A longitudinal wave is a type of wave in which particles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction as the wave travels. In longitudinal waves, compression and rarefaction are formed as the particles vibrate parallel to wave motion.

Examples

Sound waves in air
Seismic P-waves

Characteristics

Particles oscillate parallel to wave propagation.
Contain compressions (high pressure) and rarefactions (low pressure).
Travel through solids, liquids, and gases.

Feature	Longitudinal Wave	Transverse Wave
Particle Motion	Parallel	Perpendicular
Example	Sound	Light, water waves
Medium	Solids, liquids, gases	Mostly solids and surfaces

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Define longitudinal wave