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Q.

Define miscible liquids?

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Detailed Solution

Miscible liquids are liquids that mix in all proportions to form a single, uniform solution without separating into layers (for example, ethanol and water).

When two liquids are miscible, any amount of one can dissolve in the other. There is no distinct boundary between them, and the mixture looks the same throughout. This happens when the molecular forces of attraction between unlike molecules are comparable to those between like molecules. A classic everyday example is mixing alcohol and water for a sanitizer; they blend completely and stay mixed.

CategoryExamplesNotes
MiscibleWater + ethanol; Water + acetone; Benzene + tolueneSingle phase forms; uniform composition
Partially misciblePhenol + water; Ether + waterMix only up to a limit; can show two layers beyond that
ImmiscibleOil + water; Mercury + waterDo not mix; separate layers form due to polarity/density differences

Factors that affect miscibility include polarity (“like dissolves like”), temperature (higher temperature often increases solubility), and hydrogen bonding (which greatly improves water miscibility for alcohols and acetone). In industry and labs, knowing whether liquids are miscible helps in choosing the right solvent system for reactions, extractions, paints, and medicines.

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