Q.

Derive an expression for the potential at a distance from a point charge

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Detailed Solution

Consider a positive point charge 'q' is placed at a point O. E be the electric field due to the charge. Let 'A' be the point at a distance 'x' from O.
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Electric field due to +q at point 'A' is
E=14π0qx2
If a charge q0 is placed at a point point 'A' the force between two charges q and q0 is
F=14πϵ0  qq0x2 along OA
Let the charge q0 be moved towards +q from A to B through a distance 'dx' against eletric field

The work done in moving the charge
=Fdx

[∴–ve sign force and displacement are opposite in direction]

The total amount of workdone in moving the test charge from  to point P is
ω=r=rFdx=r14π0qq0x2dx=qq04π0rx2dx=qq04π01xr=qq04π01r1; w=14π0qq0r
Now the potential at the point P is v=wq0
v=14π0qr

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